Check-up «Diabetes Test»

Analysis of glucose levels (fasting and random), glycated hemoglobin, and microalbumin in urine. Helps diagnose diabetes, assess compensation, and identify early complications.

Analysis Description

Diabetes mellitus develops when the body cannot properly use glucose, the main source of energy. This leads to increased blood sugar and, over time, damage to blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and the nervous system. But diabetes can be kept under control if metabolic disorders are detected in time. The checkup includes key tests that provide a complete picture of carbohydrate metabolism and allow diabetes to be detected even in the early stages. Particularly important in the presence of risk factors: overweight, physical inactivity, heredity or history of gestational diabetes.

The lab diagnostics detect

Screening for diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2

Assessment of the degree of compensation in patients with diabetes

Monitoring the effectiveness of sugar-lowering therapy

Detection of diabetic nephropathy

Prediction of complications and control of chronic diseases

Indications

Frequent thirst, dry mouth, frequent urination

Increased fatigue, weight fluctuations, decreased vision

Hereditary predisposition to diabetes

Overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome

Pregnancy (screening for gestational diabetes)

Already diagnosed diabetes

Monitoring complications of diabetes, especially in the kidneys

Preparation for a change in therapy or assessment of its effectiveness

Analysis Composition and Interpretation

Random Glucose

The test measures blood sugar levels at any time, regardless of food intake.
Shows how the body copes with glucose fluctuations during the day. Can be used as an express test if diabetes is suspected.

Normal range: <7.8 mmol/l
Prediabetes: 7.8–11.0 mmol/l (fasting)
Diabetes: ≥11.1 mmol/l in the presence of symptoms

Reasons for increased values: diabetes mellitus, acute stress, infections, hyperthyroidism
Reasons for decreased values: insulin overdose, starvation, pancreatic tumors (insulinoma)

Fasting Glucose

This parameter is measured after 8–12 hours of fasting to exclusively the flu of food on sugar levels.
Provides an objective picture of how glucose regulation works at rest. One of the most accurate tests for early diagnosis of diabetes.

Normal range: 3.9–5.5 mmol/l (fasting)
Impaired fasting glucose: 5.6–6.9 mmol/l (fasting)
Diabetes: ≥7.0 mmol/l

Reasons for increased values: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis
Reasons for decreased values: prolonged fasting, taking hypoglycemic drugs, alcoholism

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

The indicator reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 2–3 months. HbA1c is formed when sugar combines with hemoglobin. Objective long-term assessment of glycemia. Used to make a diagnosis and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

Normal range: <5.7%
Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%
Diabetes: ≥6.5%

Reasons for increased values: chronic hyperglycemia, uncompensated diabetes
Reasons for decreased values: anemia, increased hemolysis, bleeding (may give falsely low values)

Microalbumin urine test

Detects the presence of albumin in the urine, which is the first sign of damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys. The analysis is especially important for people with diabetes, as it allows to catch the initial stage of diabetic nephropathy. Albumin appears in urine when the filtration function of the kidneys is impaired due to chronic hyperglycemia.

Normal range: <30 mg/day
Microalbuminuria: 30–300 mg/day — early kidney damage
Macroalbuminuria: >300 mg/day − severe renal impairment

Reasons for increased values: diabetes, hypertension, kidney inflammation, heart failure
Reasons for decreased values: clinically have no diagnostic significance

Check-up «Diabetes Test»

210 AED