Determines the functioning of the ovaries. Triggers follicle maturation in the first phase of the cycle and regulates estrogen production. Controlled by the pituitary gland. FSH levels help assess ovarian reserve and reproductive system function.
Normal range:
Follicular phase: 2.8–11.3 IU/l
Ovulatory phase: 5.8–21.0 IU/l
Luteal phase: 1.2–9.0 IU/l
Reasons for increased values: ovarian exhaustion, menopause, pituitary tumors
Reasons for decreased values: pituitary insufficiency, hyperprolactinemia, stress
Controls ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. Together with FSH, it coordinates the menstrual cycle. LH levels are important for determining ovulatory activity and diagnosing hormonal imbalances.
Normal range:
Follicular phase: 2.4–12.6 IU/l
Ovulatory phase: 14.0–95.6 IU/l
Luteal phase: 1.0–11.4 IU/l
Reasons for increased values: polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause
Reasons for decreased values: central hypogonadism, obesity, stress
Responsible for milk secretion after childbirth and affects the menstrual cycle. If there is an excess of it, ovulation is disrupted, and infertility is possible. The level depends on sleep, stress and physical activity.
Normal range: – Women: 67–726 mIU/l
Reasons for increased values: prolactinoma, hypothyroidism, chronic stress
Reasons for decreased values: hypopituitarism, dopaminergic drug use
The key female sex hormone. Responsible for follicle growth, cycle regulation, endometrial formation, bone density maintenance, and skin condition. Participates in preparation for pregnancy.
Normal range:
Follicular phase: 68–1269 pmol/l
Ovulatory phase: 131–1655 pmol/l
Luteal phase: 91–861 pmol/l
Reasons for increased values: estrogen-producing tumors, obesity
Reasons for decreased values: decreased ovarian reserve, hypogonadism, menopause
Responsible for preparing the endometrium for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. The main hormone of the second phase of the cycle. Its level is assessed to determine ovulation and diagnose luteal insufficiency.
Normal range:
Follicular phase: 0.3–2.2 nmol/l
Luteal phase: 7.0–56.6 nmol/l
Pregnancy (I trimester): 35–141 nmol/l
Reasons for increased values: pregnancy, hormone therapy
Reasons for decreased values: anovulation, luteal insufficiency, ovarian hypofunction
Regulates thyroid function and thyroid hormone levels. Through them, it affects metabolism, the menstrual cycle, fertility, mood, and energy.
Normal range: 0.4–4.0 mIU/l
Reasons for increased values: hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, lithium use
Reasons for decreased values: thyrotoxicosis, pituitary insufficiency



